In the nineteenth century, with the increase in archaeological discoveries and the expansion of imperialism, European and American scholars, travelers, and the public showed a strong sense of sadness and concern about the fate of foreign monuments. While they were in awe of the splendor of these ancient civilizations, they were also worried about the vulnerability of these monuments to modernization. In response to this sentiment, preservation societies emerged and became an important contributor to the heritage preservation movement. These societies have not only bridged the gap between official and local communities but have also played a key role in transnational cultural exchanges, thus giving the heritage preservation movement a broad international connection and influence. This study examines the evolution of monuments in China from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, highlighting the impact of Western culture on Chinese heritage preservation awareness. The Western notion of cultural heritage preservation, introduced by foreigners, has led China to gradually transform monuments from private property to national treasure and even to all mankind's cultural heritage. This study focuses on analyzing how foreigners practice this trend and exploring their interactions with the Chinese heritage preservation system and awareness. In addition, significant transportation development has promoted tourism and visits to monuments, but has also led to the destruction of some monuments. The twists in the fate of these monuments are documented in travel guidebooks and travelogues. Based on these records, this study analyzes the impact of transportation facilities on the development of tourism in China, especially how railroad construction affected the location of monuments and shaped the perceptions and behaviors of foreign travelers towards Chinese monuments.